Table 2.

Mean vowel amplitude at rms peak and overall rms amplitude (in decibels) (s.d.) in consonantal contexts grouped by voicing, manner, and place of articulation. All vowels are pooled.

Grouped consonant environments		rms peak	Overall rms
Voicing
Voiceless		−15.58 (3.89)	−18.26 (3.76)
Voiced		−15.45 (3.72)	−18.26 (3.62)
Manner of articulation
Stop		−15.68 (3.79)	−18.28 (3.65)
Fricative		−15.27 (3.83)	−18.22 (3.74)
Place of articulation
Labial		−15.01 (3.80)	−17.71 (3.69)
Alveolar		−15.79 (3.84)	−18.62 (3.72)
Velar		−15.97 (3.66)	−18.63 (3.50)