Table 1.

Gender and Ethnic Differences in Smoking, Nicotine Dependence, and Familial and Non-Familial Smoking Environment.

	Whole Sample	Male	Female	African- American	Puerto Rican
Paternal Smoking at T1e	37.6%	37.2%	37.9%	33.2%	42.9%
Maternal Smoking at T1	33.6%	34.1%	33.2%	30.7%	37.0%
Most Friends Smoking at T1 e	23.9%	25.9%	22.5%	17.4%	31.8%
Current Daily Smoking at T3 ge	22.7%	30.3%	17.5%	19.1%	27.0%
Daily Smoking in the Past 5 Years at T3 ge	27.8%	35.0%	22.9%	23.0%	33.6%
Ever Daily Smoking at T3 ge	33.3%	40.3%	28.5%	28.3%	39.4%
Partner’s Problems Resulting From Smoking at T4	19.3%	19.1%	19.5%	19.6%	19.1%
Nicotine Dependence at T4	23.2%	25.9%	21.3%	21.3%	25.4%

¹⁾Note: Most friends as compared to fewer friends

^2)ggender differences were statistically significant (χ² test, p<0.05)

^3)eethnic differences were statistically significant (χ² test, p<0.05).