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. 2009 May 13;4(5):e5530. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005530

Figure 3. In vivo metabolites of cerebellar neurons reversed Alzheimer's disease-like phenotypes of APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Figure 3

(A) Thioflavin-S staining of hippocampal amyloid plaques in APP/PS1 mice (# P<0.01). (B) Immunostaining of hippocampal Aβ deposits in APP/PS1 mice (*P<0.05, **P<0.01). (C) Cued platform learning curves showed that APP/PS1 mice treated with CSF-4V exhibited significant behavioral improvement compared to mice treated with CSF-LV (P<0.05). (D) Representative path tracings of probe trials after 4 days of training. (E) Number of target platform crossings versus crossings of the equivalent area in the three other quadrants. (F) Latencies to step through into the shock compartment on the training trial and retention trial of the passive avoidance test. (G) CSF-4V decreased both the astrogliotic response and microglial activation (*P<0.05, **P<0.01). (H) C-CM increased the number of syanptophysin-reactive boutons and cell bodies compared to N-CM and H-CM (*P<0.05; n = 6 to 10 mice per treatment arm; age 4 months or 12 months).