Table 3.
MRI Abnormalities by Epileptic Syndrome
| Generalized Idiopathic GTC |
Generalized Idiopathic Absence |
Generalized Symptomatic/ Cryptogenic |
Localization- Related Idiopathic |
Localization- Related Symptomatic/ Cryptogenic |
Undetermined | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Children | 48 | 33 | 7 | 49 | 130 | 14 | ||||||||||||
| Number of Children with at least one Abnormality | 11 (22.9%) | 10 (30.3%) | 3 (42.9%) | 9 (18.4%) | 51 (39.2%) | 3 (21.4%) | ||||||||||||
| Abnormality | ||||||||||||||||||
| n | % of 48 | % of 11 | n | % of 33 | % of 10 | n | % of 7 | % of 3 | n | % of 49 | % of 9 | n | % of 130 | % of 51 | n | % of 14 | % of 3 | |
| Volume loss | 2 | 4.2 | 18.2 | 1 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 1 | 14.3 | 33.3 | 1 | 2.0 | 11.1 | 4 | 3.1 | 7.8 | 1 | 7.1 | 33.3 |
| Leukomalacia/gliosis | 2 | 4.2 | 18.2 | 2 | 28.6 | 66.7 | 2 | 4.1 | 22.2 | 14 | 10.8 | 27.5 | ||||||
| Other WML | 3 | 6.3 | 27.3 | 1 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 4 | 3.1 | 7.8 | |||||||||
| Encephalomalacia | 1 | 2.1 | 9.1 | 1 | 14.3 | 33.3 | 3 | 2.3 | 5.9 | |||||||||
| Gray matter lesion - heterotopias | 1 | 2.1 | 9.1 | 3 | 2.3 | 5.9 | ||||||||||||
| Gray matter lesion - Cortical dysplasias | 1 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 2 | 1.5 | 3.9 | ||||||||||||
| Other gray matter lesion | 2 | 4.2 | 18.2 | 2 | 1.5 | 3.9 | ||||||||||||
| Increased diffusion* | 1 | 14.3 | 33.3 | 1 | 0.8 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||
| Decreased diffusion* | 1 | 0.8 | 2.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Hemorrhage | ||||||||||||||||||
| Vascular lesion | 2 | 6.1 | 20.0 | 1 | 0.8 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||
| Ventricular Enlargement | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1.0 – 1.5 cm | 3 | 6.3 | 27.3 | 6 | 18.2 | 60.0 | 1 | 14.3 | 33.3 | 7 | 14.3 | 77.8 | 19 | 14.6 | 37.3 | 3 | 21.4 | 100 |
| 1.6 –2.5 cm | 1 | 14.3 | 33.3 | 4 | 3.1 | 7.8 | ||||||||||||
| >2.5 cm | ||||||||||||||||||
| Extra-axial fluid spaces - Width over frontal | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0.5 – 1.0 cm | 1 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 2 | 1.5 | 3.9 | ||||||||||||
| 1.1–1.5 cm | ||||||||||||||||||
| >1.5 cm | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hippocampal Abnormality - Atrophy | 1 | 2.1 | 9.1 | 1 | 2.0 | 11.1 | 2 | 1.5 | 3.9 | |||||||||
| Hippocampal Signal Abnormality | 3 | 2.3 | 5.9 | |||||||||||||||
| Other Structural Abnormality | ||||||||||||||||||
| Not Significant | 2 | 6.1 | 2.0 | 6 | 4.6 | 11.8 | ||||||||||||
| Significant | 1 | 0.8 | 2.0 | |||||||||||||||
Note. Empty cells = 0. Shaded rows represent “significant abnormalities” (i.e., those that were judged to be etiologically related to the seizure condition).
There were no extra axial spaces – cerebellar convex abnormalities.
*
Diffusion was associated with other abnormalities in all three children and was not counted as a separate abnormality when reporting the number of children with multiple abnormalities.