TABLE 1.
Physical and metabolic characteristics of subjects by ethnic groups (African-American, Caucasian and Other) and gender (girls, boys): mean ± standard deviation or frequencies (n)
| African-American | Caucasian | Other | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls (n=34) |
Boys (n=35) |
Girls (n=23) |
Boys (n=21) |
Girls (n=3) |
Boys (n=4) |
|
| Demographic and physical characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 11.6 ±0.7 | 11.9 ±0.7 | 11.9 ± 0.9 | 12.1 ±0.9 | 12.3 ± 0.6 | 12.3 ±1.0 |
| Pubertal status | ||||||
| Stage 2/ Stage 3/ Stage 4* | 4/11/19 | 9/23/3 | 7/8/8 | 7/10/4 | 1/1/1 | 1/0/3 |
| Weight status | ||||||
| Normal/Overweight | 13/21 | 17/18 | 16/7 | 10/11 | 1/2 | 3/1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) † | 26.0 ± 8.2 | 23.8 ± 7.7 | 20.6 ± 4.6 | 22.9 ± 6.1 | 24.9 ± 8.6 | 19.4 ± 5.0 |
| VPA (sessions/week) | 9.5 ± 7.4 | 15.1 ± 8.2 | 10.0 ± 8.9 | 5.8 ± 6.75 | 13.7 ± 9.5 | 13.5 ± 9.5 |
| pVO2max (ml/kg/min)* | 32.9 ± 11.2 | 39.6 ± 11.7 | 34.8 ± 8.6 | 35.9 ± 12.1 | 33.6 ± 7.7 | 40.0 ± 2.8 |
| Metabolic factors | ||||||
| TNF- α (pg/ml) | 1.49 ± 1.3 | 1.84 ± 1.31 | 1.43 ± 0.8 | 1.46 ± 0.60 | 2.71 ± 1.82 | 1.92 ± 0.82 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.70 ± 1.6 | 1.74 ± 2.03 | 1.56 ± 1.5 | 1.14 ± 1.41 | 3.32 ± 5.14 | 1.83 ± 2.16 |
| Resistin (ng/ml) † | 10.2 ± 6.3 | 10.5 ± 4.8 | 12.1 ± 4.5 | 11.8 ± 4.5 | 7.1 ± 0.9 | 8.0 ± 1.6 |
| Adiponectin (ng/ml) † | 9.6 ± 5.8 | 9.1 ± 4.2 | 11.6 ± 5.3 | 10.8 ± 4.4 | 10.9 ± 3.9 | 8.6 ± 0.2 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 5.0±0.3 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 5.0 ± 0.3 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 189.5±129.0 | 127.5±121.1 | 85.5 ± 43.2 | 100.4 ± 63.6 | 138.7 ± 83.2 | 62.8 ± 39.9 |
| HOMA | 5.8 ± 4.0 | 4.0± 4.0 | 2.60 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 2.0 | 4.4 ± 2.8 | 1.9 ± 1.3 |
†
p < 0.05 African American vs. Caucasian
*
p < 0.05 Girls vs. Boys