Table 1.
Means and standard deviations (s.d.) of model variables.
| Wave 1 |
Wave 2 |
Wave 3 |
Wave 4 |
Wave 5 |
Wave 6 |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Scale | Mean | s.d. | Mean | s.d. | Mean | s.d. | Mean | s.d. | Mean | s.d. | Mean | s.d. |
| Self-esteem | 1–5 | 3.90 | .74 | 3.85 | .77 | 3.90 | .80 | 3.87 | .83 | 3.89 | .81 | 3.97 | .82 |
| American Indian identity | 1–4 | 2.98 | .73 | 2.96 | .73 | 3.01 | .74 | 3.01 | .73 | 3.06 | .74 | 3.08 | .74 |
| Coping | 1–4 | 2.57 | .95 | 2.53 | 1.01 | ||||||||
| Internal locus of control | 1–5 | 3.65 | .71 | 3.59 | .72 | ||||||||
| Competencies | 1–4 | 2.74 | .67 | 2.73 | .71 | ||||||||
| Antisocial behavior | 1–5 | 1.78 | .88 | 1.86 | .95 | ||||||||
| Alcohol problems | 1–4 | 1.38 | .61 | 1.44 | .67 | ||||||||
| Drug use | 0–4 | .46 | 1.02 | 1.16 | 1.38 | ||||||||
| Self-reported grades | 1–4 | 2.58 | .78 | 2.59 | .76 | ||||||||
| Perceived performance | 1–5 | 3.28 | .77 | 3.26 | .70 | ||||||||
| Attitude toward school | 1–5 | 3.77 | .95 | 3.71 | .98 | ||||||||
| Educational goals | 1–3 | 2.38 | .83 | 2.26 | .84 | ||||||||