Table 6.
Pharmacological Actions of Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonists in Animal Models or Paradigms of Psychostimulant Addiction
| U50488 | U69593 | Nalfurafine | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacological Actions | Kappa receptor agonist | Kappa receptor agonist | Kappa receptor agonist |
| Self-Administration (SA) | ↓ Cocaine SA (FR) | ↓ Cocaine SA (FR) | |
| Reinstatement of Drug-Seeking (Relapse) | ↓ Relapse by cocaine or amphetamine | ||
| Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) | ↓ CPP by cocaine | ↓ CPP by cocaine, amphetamine | ↓ CPP by cocaine |
| Psychostimulant-like Discriminative Stimulus Effects (DS) | ↓ DS by cocaine | ↓ DS by cocaine, amphetamine | ↓ DS by cocaine |
| Behavioral Sensitization (BS) | ↓ BS by cocaine | ↓ BS by cocaine, amphetamine | |
| Abuse Liability | Cocaine-like DS by itself; Rewarding or aversive by itself; | No cocaine-like DS effects; No rewarding effects by itself | |
| Natural Reward | Conflicting | ↓ Food-taking | |
| Clinical Trials | No | No | No |