Table 1.

Effect of testosterone and parasite treatments on changes over time in testosterone concentration (Δtestosterone), ornamentation (Δcomb area), plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (ΔMDA) and total antioxidant status (ΔTAS).

treatment effects:			TTreata		PTreatb		TTreat×PTreat
dependent:	sampling timec	d.f.	F	p-value	F	p-value	F	p-value
Δtestosteroned	S1–S2	1,22	17.76	<0.001	0	0.96	0.92	0.35
Δtestosteroned	S2–S3	1,11	3.59	0.08	0.1	0.75	0.56	0.47
Δcomb aread	S1–S2	1,32	80.01	<0.001	0.27	0.61	0.16	0.7
Δcomb aread	S2–S3	1,30	0.95	0.34	1.91	0.17	2.7	<0.05
ΔMDAd	S1–S2	1,28	5.32	<0.05	10.88	<0.01	0.01	0.92
ΔTASd	S1–S2	1,31	16.1	<0.001	4.31	<0.05	3.41	0.07

^aTTreat=testosterone treatment: T− males, sham implanted; T+ males, implanted with testosterone.

^bPTreat=parasite treatment: P− males, not challenged; P+ males, challenged with infective T. tenuis larvae.

^cS1=first sampling (day 0); S2=second sampling (day 10), S3=third sampling (day 17). MDA and TAS were measured at S1 and S2 only.

^dChanges in study parameters were calculated as the difference between the final and initial values corrected for initial values. MDA and TAS were measured at S1 and S2 only.