Table 1.

Default values of parameters used in simulations.

description	symbol	default value
number of individuals	n	5000
mean genetic quality	${\overline{a}}_i$	10
standard deviation of genetic quality	σa	4
mean environmental harshness	${\overline{h}}_i$	10
standard deviation of environmental harshness	σh	4
standard deviation of trait size	σS	0.2
effect of quality on survival	α	0.5
effect of environment on survival	β	0.5
effect of quality on trait size	δ	0.25
effect of environment on trait size	λ	0.1