Table 3.
Univariable and adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% CI) for overweight (including obesity) by country and region of residence in children aged 3 years.
| N | Overweighta/ obesity (Weighted %) |
Univariable OR | OR adjusted for child's ethnicity |
OR adjusted for child's ethnicity and socio-demographic characteristicsb |
OR adjusted for all individual risk factorsb,c |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK Country (N=13 194) | ||||||
| England | 8309 | 17.5/5.0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Wales | 1987 | 21.6/5.2 | 1.26 (1.11 to 1.44) | 1.25 (1.09 to 1.43) | 1.23 (1.07 to 1.42) | 1.24 (1.08 to 1.43) |
| Scotland | 1610 | 18.9/5.0 | 1.08 (0.94 to 1.25) | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.24) | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.26) | 1.06 (0.91 to 1.24) |
| Northern Ireland | 1288 | 21.2/6.1 | 1.30 (1.14 to 1.48) | 1.28 (1.12 to 1.46) | 1.29 (1.12 to 1.47) | 1.26 (1.10 to 1.45) |
|
| ||||||
| Region in England (N=8309) | ||||||
| London | 1381 | 17.1/7.3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| East Midlands | 670 | 16.0/5.8 | 0.87 (0.64 to 1.17) | 0.88 (0.66 to 1.17) | 0.85 (0.62 to 1.16) | 0.90 (0.65 to 1.25) |
| East | 899 | 14.2/4.5 | 0.71 (0.57 to 0.88) | 0.70 (0.57 to 0.86) | 0.71 (0.57 to 0.90) | 0.71 (0.57 to 0.90) |
| North East | 394 | 21.9/5.1 | 1.15 (0.88 to 1.49) | 1.13 (0.88 to 1.46) | 1.10 (0.84 to 1.43) | 1.10 (0.84 to 1.44) |
| North West | 1062 | 18.4/5.2 | 0.96 (0.77 to 1.19) | 0.95 (0.77 to 1.17) | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.16) | 0.97 (0.77 to 1.23) |
| South East | 1265 | 17.2/3.7 | 0.82 (0.68 to 0.99) | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.98) | 0.82 (0.68 to 1.00) | 0.82 (0.67 to 1.01) |
| South West | 687 | 20.0/3.9 | 0.97 (0.80 to 1.19) | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.15) | 0.96 (0.77 to 1.19) | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.27) |
| West Midlands | 985 | 20.0/4.0 | 0.98 (0.78 to 1.22) | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.22) | 0.99 (0.78 to 1.24) | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.28) |
| Yorkshire & Humberside |
966 | 15.7/5.7 | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.05) | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.04) | 0.84 (0.66 to 1.07) | 0.83 (0.63 to 1.09) |
a
Overweight excluding obesity
b
Adjusted for child's ethnicity and socio-demographic characteristics: maternal socioeconomic circumstances, family income, maternal highest academic qualification, lone motherhood status, age at first live birth
c
Adjusted for other risk factors: maternal prepregnancy overweight, maternal smoking during pregnancy, birthweight, breastfeeding duration, introduction of solid foods, television viewing daily