Table 1.
Proven or suspected Culicidae vectors of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in Italy (North -N; South -S; Sicily -Si; Sardinia -Sa) [4,33,50].
| Distribution | D. immitis | D. repens | |
| Anophelinae | |||
| Anopheles claviger* | N, S, Si, Sa | - | - |
| A. maculipennis | N, S, Si | mol./f.c.s. | mol./f.c.s. |
| Culicinae | |||
| Aedes albopictus | N, S, Sa | mol./f.c.s. | mol./f.c.s. |
| Ae. cantans* | N | - | - |
| Ae. caspius* | |||
| Ae. cinereus | N, S, Si, Sa | - | - |
| N | mol./abd. | - | |
| Ae. geniculatus | N, S, Si, Sa | mol./abd. | - |
| Ae. detritus | N, S, Si, Sa | mol./abd. | - |
| Ae. punctor | N, S | mol./abd. | - |
| Ae. vexans* | N, S, Si, Sa | - | - |
| Coquillettidia richiardii* | N, S, Si, Sa | mol./f.c.s. | - |
| Culiseta annulata* | N, S, Si, Sa | - | - |
| Culex modestus | N, S, Si, Sa | mol./abd. | - |
| C. pipiens | N, S, Si, Sa | mol./f.c.s. | mol./f.c.s. |
| C. territans* | N, S | - | - |
| C. torrentium | N | mol./abd. | - |
* Culicidae spp. reported in Italy and suspected vectors of Dirofilaria spp. [33]. Evidence about the competence of Culicidae as vectors of Dirofilaria immitis and/or Dirofilaria repens in Italy relies on laboratory or field capture studies by dissection or PCR testing of field collected samples (mol./f.c.s.). PCR positive results of abdomens (mol./abd.), which however do not prove vector competence are also reported [4,33,50].