Table 1.

Interventions implemented before and during pregnancy or before the onset of labour reviewed in this paper

Family and community norms and behaviours

Prevention of female genital mutilation (FGM) and management of pregnant women with FGM

Birth spacing

Reduction of exposure to indoor air pollution

Smoking cessation

Reduction of exposure to smokeless tobacco

Antenatal care (ANC) in pregnancy

Nutritional support interventions

Peri-conceptional folic acid supplementation

Iron supplementation

Vitamin A/β carotene supplementation

Multivitamin/multiple micronutrient supplementation

Magnesium supplementation for deficient states

Balanced protein-energy supplementation