Table 4.

Impact of training nurse-aides as birth attendants on stillbirths and perinatal mortality

Source	Location and Type of Study	Intervention	Stillbirths/Perinatal Outcomes
Observational studies
Manungo et al. 1996 [61]	Zimbabwe. Rural hospital. Retrospective analysis of records. N = 1459 deliveries, of which N = 824 (57%) were conducted by nurse aides.	Compared the impact of the nurse-aide-conducted deliveries (exposed) vs. those by the trained medical staff (unexposed) on perinatal mortality.	SBR: 1/824 vs. 13/635 in the nurse aide vs. trained staff groups, respectively. PMR: 5/1000 vs. 57/1000 births in the exposed vs. non-exposed groups, respectively.