Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants
| Variable | Total Randomized (N = 102) | Physical Activity Group (n = 50) | Successful Aging Group (n = 52) | p Value |
| Age, y | 77.44 ± 4.26 | 76.80 ± 4.37 | 78.06 ± 4.11 | .1371 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | .2613 | |||
| African American/black | 14 (13.7) | 7 (14.0) | 7 (13.5) | |
| Caucasian/white | 83 (81.4) | 39 (78.0) | 44 (84.6) | |
| Latino, Hispanic, or Spanish | 2 (2.0) | 2 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Other/mixed | 2 (2.0) | 2 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Gender, n (%) | .7590 | |||
| Female | 72 (70.6) | 36 (72.0) | 36 (69.2) | |
| Education, n (%) | .4037 | |||
| High school or equivalency | 23 (22.5) | 13 (26.0) | 10 (19.2) | |
| More than high school | 78 (76.5) | 36 (72.0) | 42 (80.8) | |
| Self-reported health, n (%) | .6068 | |||
| Excellent | 7 (6.9) | 4 (8.0) | 3 (5.8) | |
| Very good | 21 (20.6) | 7 (14.0) | 14 (26.9) | |
| Good | 58 (56.9) | 31 (62.0) | 27 (51.9) | |
| Fair | 14 (13.7) | 7 (14.0) | 7 (13.5) | |
| Poor | 2 (2.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (1.9) | |
| Body mass index | 28.97 ± 5.08 | 28.80 ± 5.03 | 29.14 ± 5.17 | .7328 |
| Depression scale | 8.49 ± 6.64 | 8.94 ± 7.18 | 8.06 ± 6.12 | .5051 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 77 (75.49) | 39 (78.00) | 38 (73.08) | .5634 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 18 (17.65) | 10 (20.00) | 8 (15.38) | .5410 |
| Any ADL difficulty, n (%) | 90 (88.24) | 44 (88.00) | 46 (88.46) | .9423 |
| Difficulty walking quarter mile, n (%) | 3 (2.94) | 1 (2.00) | 2 (3.85) | .5812 |
| Difficulty walking 1 mile, n (%) | 48 (47.06) | 20 (40.00) | 28 (53.85) | .1613 |
| SPPB score | 7.79 ± 1.27 | 7.82 ± 1.16 | 7.77 ± 1.38 | .8411 |
Note: ADL = activity of daily living; SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery.