Table 3.

Results of the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA).

A	Source of variation	Sum of square	Variance components	Percentage variation	P-value
	Among groups	272.039	0.24305	4.25577	< 0.00001
	Among sites within groups	478.176	0.57788	10.11878	< 0.00001
	Within populations	4899.441	4.89003	85.62546	< 0.00001
	Total	5649.656	5.71096
B	Source of variation	Sum of square	Variance components	Percentage variation	P-value
	Among groups	147.848	0.16706	2.91249	< 0.00001
	Among sites within groups	266.329	0.39323	6.85549	< 0.00001
	Among individuals within sites	4202.064	5.17572	90.23202	< 0.00001
	Total	4616.242	5.73601

Sites are separated into three groups under the hypothesis that the Tsinling and Daba Mountains present significant barriers to gene flow. A: analysis includes all 12 sites; group 1 = sites for north of the Tsinling Mountains (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), and group 2 = sites from south of the Tsinling Mountains (6, 7, 8 and 9), and group 3 = sites from south of the Daba Mountains (10, 11 and 12). B: analysis includes only the 10 central sites; group 1 = sites 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, group 2 = sites 6, 7, 8 and 9, and group 3 = site 10.