Table 5.
Species | Study site and year | BIOASSAYS (mortality categories)1 | BIOCHEMICAL ASSAYS2 | |||||
DDT 4% | permethrin 0.75% | Alpha-cypermethrin 0.082% | Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05% | esterases | Mono-oxygenases | GST | ||
An. minimus s.s. | VHBA, 2003 | S | S | S | S | - | - | - |
VHBA, 2004 | S | S | S | S | NO | NO | NO | |
VHBB, 2003 | S | S | S | S | NO | NO | NO | |
VHBB, 2004 | S | S | S | S | NO | NO | NO | |
VTHA, 2004 | S | S | S | PR | NO | NO | NO | |
VLSA, 2004 | S | PR | PR | PR | YES | NO | NO | |
VQNA, 2004 | S | PR | PR | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VQNB, 2004 | S | PR | R | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VNAB, 2004 | nd | Nd | PR | nd | YES | YES | NO | |
An. harrisoni | VSLA, 2003 | PR | S | nd | S | NO | NO | NO |
VSLB, 2003 | S | S | nd | nd | NO | NO | NO | |
VLSB, 2004 | nd | R | PR | PR | NO | NO | NO | |
An. epiroticus | VKGA, 2003 | S | PR | R | R | YES | NO | NO |
VHCA, 04/2003 | S | PR | R | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VHCB, 2003 | PR | PR | R | R | NO | NO | NO | |
VBTA, 2003 | PR | PR | PR | PR | YES | NO | NO | |
VBLB, 2003 | nd | PR | nd | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VHCA, 10/2003 | PR | R | R | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VBLA, 2003 | S | R | PR | PR | YES | NO | NO | |
VBLA, 2004 | S | R | S | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VBLB, 2004 | S | R | R | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VBTB, 2003 | S | R | PR | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VCMA, 2003 | S | R | R | PR | YES | NO | NO | |
VCMB, 2003 | S | R | R | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VCMC, 2003 | S | R | R | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VCMD, 2003 | S | R | R | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VKGS, 2003 | S | R | R | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VLAA, 2003 | S | R | R | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VLAB, 2003 | S | R | PR | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VSTA, 2003 | S | R | PR | R | YES | NO | NO | |
VTGA, 2003 | PR | R | nd | Nd | YES | NO | NO | |
An. subpictus | VLAA, 2003 | PR | PR | PR | PR | NO | NO | YES |
VKGB, 2003 | PR | R | PR | R | YES | NO | YES |
1Mortality categories
S Susceptible (mortality > 98%)
PR Possibility of resistance (mortality between 80–97%)
R Resistant (mortality < 80%)
Nd Not done
2YES: mean rank of population is significantly higher than mean rank of VHBA An. minimus s.s. population.
NO: mean rank of population is not significant higher than mean rank of VHBA An. minimus s.s. population