Table 2. Characteristics of seven case-control studies of subfertility and testicular cancer incidence.

First Author	Year (Ref. No.)	Country	Excluded Cryptorchidism	No. of Cases (Source of Cases)/No. of Controls (Selection Method)	Estimated Odds Ratios (95% CI)	Controlled Variables
Baker JA	2005 (9)	USA	NA*	201 (Cancer registry)/204 (Population controls matched by age and area of residence)	9.47 (1.19–75.2)	Age, neighborhood
Møller H	1999 (10)	Europe (Danish)	Yes	514 (Cancer registry)/720 (Population controls matched by age)	1.42 (1.09–1.85)	Age
Doria-Rose VP	2005 (11)	USA	Yes	329 (Cancer registry)/672 (Population controls matched by age, race, language and area of residence)	2.51 (1.07–5.86)	Age
Swerdlow AJ	1989 (12)	Europe (England)	Yes	178 (Cancer registry)/315 (Hospital patients matched by treatment center, area of residence and duration of follow-up)	1.73 (1.09–2.74)	Area of hospital
Forman D PM	1994 (18)	Europe (England and Wales)	Yes	775 (Cancer registry)/794 (Hospital patients matched by age, register hospital or center, enrollment date and area of residence)	2.66 (0.94–7.54)	Age, area of residence, and register-time
Haughey BP	1989 (19)	USA	Yes	250 (Cancer registry)/250 (Population controls matched by age and neighborhood of residence)	4.77 (0.40–52.50)	Age, neighborhood
Brown LM	1987 (20)	USA	NA	140 (Cancer registry)/135 (Hospital patients without cancer matched by treatment hospital, age, race, vital status, year of diagnosis, and hospital of diagnosis)	0.89 (0.40–1.96)	Age, race, vital status and year of diagnosis

^*NA, not available. CI, confidence interval.