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. 2009 May 26;3(5):e441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000441

Figure 1. Leishmania infantum amastigotes enhance HIV-1 replication in cocultures consisting of DCs and autologous CD4+ T cells.

Figure 1

First, iDCs (A) and mDCs (B) were pulsed for 60 min with NL4-3Balenv and either left unexposed (Control) or exposed to live Leishmania infantum promastigotes (Live Li-PRO), live Leishmania infantum amastigotes (Live Li-AMA), or killed Leishmania infantum amastigotes (Killed Li-AMA). Next, cells were cocultured with autologous CD4+ T cells and virus production was estimated by measuring p24 levels in the culture supernatants at the indicated time points. Virus production at day 2 following initiation of the coculture is depicted in the small inserts (upper left part of each panel). Data shown represent the means±SEM of triplicate samples and are representative of six independent experiments. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences from the cells infected with HIV-1 only (**, P<0.01).