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. 2009 May 26;3(5):e441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000441

Figure 7. Parasite-mediated enhancement of virus replication in cocultured cells is due to IL-6 and TNF-α.

Figure 7

First, iDCs were pulsed for 60 min with NL4-3Balenv and either left unexposed or exposed to Leishmania infantum amastigotes (Li). Next, iDCs were cocultured with autologous CD4+ T cells (A) or cultured alone (B) and either left untreated or treated with the listed reagents (IL-6, 10 U/ml; anti-IL-6, 10 µg/ml; isotype-matched control antibody, 10 µg/ml; TNF-α, 10 ng/ml; anti-TNF-α, 500 ng/ml; and PTX, 100 µM). Virus production was estimated by measuring p24 levels in the culture supernatants either at 4 days following initiation of the coculture (A) or at 6 days post-infection (B). The results shown are representative of four separate experiments performed with different donors and are expressed as relative viral production compared to untreated iDCs. Asterisks denote statistically significant data (*, P<0.05; **, P<0.01).