Table 2.
Antigens, immunotherapies and other treatments used as vaccines against Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei.
| Bacteria targeted | Route of administration | Challenge method | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antigens | ||||
| Killed whole cell | Burkholderia mallei | sc. | ip. | [37] |
| Attenuated live whole cell | B. mallei and B. pseudomallei | Aerogenic, ip., in. | Aerosol, ip., ip. | [39,41,61] |
| LPS | B. pseudomallei | ip. | ip. or in. | [50,62] |
| CP | B. pseudomallei | ip. | ip. or in. | [50,62] |
| Pili | B. mallei | sc. | Aerosol | [63] |
| Outer membrane proteins | B. pseudomallei | ip. | ip. | [64] |
| Type III secretion system subunits | B. pseudomallei | ip. | ip. | [65] |
| Immunotherapies and other treatments | ||||
| IL-12 with killed whole cells | B. mallei | sc. | ip. | [38] |
| Monoclonal antibodies to LPS | B. mallei | ip. | Aerosol | [51,66] |
| Monoclonal antibody cocktail to LPS, CP and proteins | B. pseudomallei | iv. | ip. | [51,66] |
| CpG oligodeoxynucleotide | B. mallei | ip. | Aerosol | [67] |
| Primed dentritic cells with CpG | B. pseudomallei | id. | ip. | [68] |
| DNA encoding fagellin | B. pseudomallei | im. | iv. | [69] |
CP: Capsular polysaccharide; id.: Intradermal; im.: Intramuscular; in.: Intranasal; ip.: Intraperitoneal; iv.: Intravenous; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; sc.: Subcutaneous.