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Heme degradation pathway. After an obligatory interaction with CPR, HO-1 initiates the oxidative degradation of heme to biliverdin, CO, and Fe2+. Biliverdin is further metabolized to the lipophilic product, bilirubin, by BVR. Although HO-1 and CPR exist bound to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, BVR is present in the cytosol.
