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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Heart Fail Clin. 2009 Apr;5(2):217–228. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2008.11.008

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Increased ventricular systolic stiffness leads to a greater rise in blood pressure for a given increase in (A) afterload or (B) preload. (C) Although isolated increases in afterload lead to a predictable reduction in stroke volume for a given level of contractility, this afterload dependence is more marked in patients who have lower Ees, as seen in patients who have heart failure with reduced EF.