Table A. OLS Coefficients of the Demand Function for Time before Prenatal Care Initiation in Weeks by Birth Defect Status.
| Model Covariates | Sample without Birth Defects (N=2325) | Sample without Birth Defects (N=2417) |
|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 49.7*** (7.8) | 48.8*** (7.4) |
| Birth defect history | -1.2* (0.7) | -0.2 (0.5) |
| Difficulty in conception | -0.5 (0.7) | -0.7 (0.6) |
| Acute illness | -1.4*** (0.4) | -1.2*** (0.4) |
| Chronic illness | -1.1** (0.4) | -0.6 (0.4) |
| First trimester bleeding | -2.2*** (0.7) | -1.4** (0.6) |
| Live births | 1.0*** (0.1) | 1.0*** (0.1) |
| Miscarriages/stillbirths | 0.1 (0.3) | -0.4* (0.2) |
| Maternal age | -0.6* (0.3) | -0.6** (0.3) |
| Maternal age squared | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.004) |
| Maternal education-Less than primary | 1.4** (0.6) | 0.7 (0.6) |
| Maternal education-Incomplete secondary | -0.1 (0.5) | -0.7 (0.5) |
| Maternal education-Secondary | -0.5 (0.5) | -1.7*** (0.6) |
| Maternal education-University | -1.8** (0.7) | -2.1*** (0.8) |
| Maternal employment | 0.7 (0.5) | 1.1** (0.5) |
| Native ancestry | 1.5*** (0.6) | 2.0*** (0.6) |
| European Latin ancestry | -0.7 (0.4) | -0.6 (0.4) |
| European non-Latin ancestry | -0.7 (0.6) | -0.05 (0.6) |
| All other ancestry | 0.8 (0.9) | -1.5* (0.8) |
| Pregnancy year 95 | -0.1 (0.8) | -0.7 (0.9) |
| Pregnancy year 96 | -0.2 (0.9) | 0.2 (0.9) |
| Pregnancy year 97 | 0.02 (0.8) | 0.5 (0.9) |
| Pregnancy year 98 | -0.3 (0.8) | -0.6 (0.8) |
| Pregnancy year 99 | -0.2 (0.8) | -0.3 (0.8) |
| Pregnancy year 00 | -0.9 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.9) |
| Pregnancy year 01 | 0.01 (0.8) | -0.2 (0.8) |
| Pregnancy year 02 | -2.4** (1.0) | -1.9* (1.0) |
| Clinics concentration (2003) | -0.7*** (0.2) | -0.7*** (0.1) |
| Residents per hospital bed (1995) | -0.01** (0.004) | 0.003 (0.004) |
| Unemployment (2002) | -0.03 (0.1) | -0.1 (0.1) |
| Female uninsured (2001) | -0.4*** (0.1) | -0.5*** (0.1) |
| Unmet basic needs (2001) | 0.2** (0.1) | 0.04 (0.1) |
| R squared | 0.12 | 0.13 |
Note: Robust standard errors of regression parameters are listed in parentheses. *, **, and *** indicate significant coefficients at p<0.1, p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively.