Bioengineering |
Engineering, biotechnology |
Making biology an engineering discipline |
Standardized and elaborated genetic engineering |
Biosafety: interaction with environment Ethics: turning organisms into machines |
Synthetic genomics |
Molecular biology, chemistry |
Chassis organisms |
DNA synthesis |
Biosecurity: synthesis of pathogens |
Protocell synthetic biology |
Chemistry, biochemistry |
Synthetic cells |
Chemical synthesis of a cell |
Ethics: in vitro synthesis of life |
Unnatural molecular biology |
Chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology |
‘Parallel life' |
Synthesis of unnatural genomes and biological adaptation of the cell |
Ethics: in vitro synthesis of life Biosafety: resistance to viruses |
In silico synthetic biology |
Computer science, engineering |
Designed organisms |
Computer technology |
Only as applied to other approaches |
All synthetic-biology approaches |
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New forms of life, designed life |
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Biosafety and biosecurity depending on applications Ethics: related to the impact on society and related to dealing with life |