Figure 6. VKR are expressed in larvae and in gonads of adult insects and invertebrates Vkr transcripts were quantified in the different developmental stages of T. castaneum and of A. mellifera drone (A) and in tissues of A. gambiae and S. purpuratus (B).

For graphical representation of qPCR data, cycle thresholds (Δ Ct values) obtained for the different samples were deducted from the Δ Ct value obtained for larval stage (A) or gonad (B) transcript levels. Values were normalized as relative fold-difference using the Δ-Δ Ct (ΔΔ Ct) method. Data are means±s.e. of triplicates from a typical experiment.