Table 1.
Anthropometrics and metabolic parameters of lean and obese mothers and their offspring at delivery
| Lean mothers | Obese mothers | P | Adjusted P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 53 | 68 | ||
| Maternal age (years) | 28.0 ± 6.0 | 27.8 ± 5.8 | 0.91 | 0.51 |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 22.0 ± 1.9 | 38.4 ± 6.3 | 0.0001 | |
| Late pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 28.2 ± 3.2 | 43.0 ± 6.4 | 0.0001 | |
| Maternal total weight gain (kg) | 16.5 ± 7.5 | 11.9 ± 7.5 | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Maternal net weight gain (kg) | 12.8 ± 7.3 | 7.8 ± 7.2 | 0.0003 | 0.001 |
| Maternal insulin (μU/ml) | 11.8 ± 5.6 | 26.0 ± 14.6 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Maternal glucose (mg/dl) | 74 ± 7 | 79 ± 11 | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 38.8 ± 0.5 | 38.8 ± 0.6 | 0.54 | 0.57 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3217 ± 452 | 3320 ± 460 | 0.22 | 0.05 |
| Birth length (cm) | 49.1 ± 1.8 | 48.9 ± 1.9 | 0.63 | 0.93 |
| Neonatal lean mass (g) | 2828 ± 325 | 2868 ± 312 | 0.51 | 0.17 |
| Neonatal body fat (%) | 11.6 ± 2.9 | 13.1 ± 3.4 | 0.02 | 0.001 |
| Neonatal fat mass (g) | 384 ± 150 | 448 ± 175 | 0.04 | 0.005 |
| Ponderal index | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Placenta weight (g) | 614 ± 152 | 693 ± 184 | 0.01 | 0.002 |
| Umbilical cord insulin (μU/ml) | 7.0 ± 3.8 | 9.2 ± 4.7 | 0.008 | 0.02 |
| Umbilical cord glucose (mg/dl) | 60 ± 13 | 66 ± 14 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
| Smoking status: yes/no | 13/40 | 16/52 | 0.90 | |
| Hypertension: yes/no/pregnancy-associated | 0/53/0 | 4/60/4 | 0.04 | |
| Race: African American/Asian/Caucasian/Hispanic | 7/1/40/5 | 29/0/36/3 | 0.004 | |
| Neonatal sex: female/male | 26/27 | 27/41 | 0.30 |
Data are means ± SD orn. Maternal comparisons were adjusted for race, medical problems, and smoking. Neonatal and umbilical cord measurements were adjusted for race, medical problems, smoking, and sex.