Table 2.
Cytokines and inflammatory factors in maternal and umbilical cord plasma at birth
| Lean mothers | Obese mothers | P | Adjusted P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 53 | 68 | ||
| Maternal | ||||
| leptin (ng/ml) | 31.9 ± 20.0 | 72.1 ± 34.7 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| adiponectin (μg/ml) | 10.7 ± 4.6 | 9.7 ± 4.0 | 0.30 | 0.39 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.67 | 0.56 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 3.4 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| CRP (ng/ml) | 8074 ± 6467 | 12433 ± 7918 | 0.004 | 0.01 |
| Umbilical cord | ||||
| leptin (ng/ml) | 8.2 ± 4.7 | 14.7 ± 13.6 | 0.001 | 0.0001 |
| adiponectin (μg/ml) | 30.8 ± 10.0 | 30.6 ± 9.7 | 0.94 | 0.71 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 0.90 | 0.67 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 3.5 ± 2.3 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| CRP (ng/ml) | 121 ± 97 | 202 ± 286 | 0.25 | 0.30 |
Data are means ± SD. Maternal blood was obtained after an overnight fast at the time of admission for elective cesarean section. Umbilical blood was sampled from the clamped cord within 5 min of placental delivery. Maternal comparisons were adjusted for race, medical problems, and smoking. Neonatal and umbilical cord measurements were adjusted for race, medical problems, smoking, and sex.