Table 2. Recent studies of patients with pneumonia treated with statins*.

Investigator (reference)	Study design and population	Principal outcome	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) or % reduction (p value)
van der Garde et al. (17)	Case–control diabetes patients, 4,719/15,322	Pneumonia hospitalization	0.50 (0.28-0.89)
Schlienger et al. (18)	Case–control, 1,227/4,734	Pneumonia hospitalization	0.63 (0.46–0.88)
		30-day pneumonia mortality rate	0.47 (0.25–0.88)
Mortensen et al. (19)	Retrospective cohort, 1,566/7,086	30-day pneumonia mortality rate	0.54 (0.42–0.70)
Chalmers et al. (20)	Prospective cohort, 257/750	30-day pneumonia mortality rate	0.46 (0.25– 0.85)
Thomsen et al. (21)	Retrospective cohort, 1,372/28,528	30-day pneumonia mortality rate	0.69 (0.58–0.82)
Majumdar et al. (22)	Prospective cohort, 325/3,090	Hospital mortality rate and ICU admission (adjusted for administrative data)	0.88 (0.63–1.22)
		Hospital mortality rate and ICU admission (adjusted for age, propensity score, clinical data, and functional status)	1.10 (0.76–1.60)
Choi et al. (23)	Randomized controlled trial, ICU treatment; 33 with atorvastatin and 34 controls	ICU mortality rate	45.4 (0.08)
		Hospital mortality rate	51.2 (0.026)

*Except for the inpatient randomized controlled trial of Choi et al (23), recent treatment in the observational studies was defined as a statin prescription within a period of 30 days (18) to 90 days before hospitalization for pneumonia. CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit.