Fig. 4.

Effect of intracerebroventricular palmitate on hypothalamic insulin signaling. After intracerebroventricular infusion of palmitate-BSA or BSA vehicle for 4 h (0.5 nmol/min), the effect of intracerebroventricular insulin (10 mU) on IRS-PI3K signaling measured as phosphoserine PKB was determined in the mediobasal hypothalamus (A), as was the effect on palmitoyl-CoA accumulation (B), IKKβ phosphorylation (C), and total IκBα level (D: when activated, IKKβ phosphorylates IκBα resulting in degradation). ^#P < 0.05; *P < 0.01.