Table 1.

Selected proteins of interest engineered using yeast surface display

Protein	Anchor	Anchor position*	Significance/functionality evolved
α-galactosidase1	α-agglutinin (C-terminal half)	C-term	First protein displayed on yeast, increased stability over soluble enzyme
Human UDP-glucose receptor12	Native mammalian GPCR	N/A	Expression of native mammalian protein used for YSD, directed evolution of GPCR to alter ligand specificity
R. oryzae lipase (ROL)15	Flo1p, flocculation functional domain	N-term	Expression of ROL in P. pastoris achieved higher cell density and increased thermal stability over expression in S. cerevisiae
Anti-CD3ε scFvs17	Aga2p	N-term	Showed increased affinity of scFvs to for ligand over C-terminal fusion
Anti-streptavidin Fab21	Aga2p	N-term	Demonstrated the ability to assemble oligomeric proteins by interchain disulfide bond
scFv libraries24, 25, 28	Aga2p	N-term	Non-immune, semi-immune, and immune libraries used to select novel scFvs binding target ligand
EGF/EGFR fragments30, 57, 58	Aga2p	N-term	Antibody epitope mapping of EGFR and affinity maturation of EGF against EGFR
West Nile virus viral envelope protein ectodomain59	Aga2p	N-term	Epitope mapping of a neutralizing antibody
IL-2 49–51	Aga2p	N-term	Higher affinity for receptor, important implications for IL-2 therapeutics
4-4-20 scFv4, 5, 72	Aga2p	N-term	Affinity maturation, first use of YSD for library screening, identification of yeast proteins that increase heterologous protein expression
T cell receptors41–44	Aga2p	N-term	Evolution of single chain TCRs for higher affinity, advances in understanding of relationship between expression levels and protein stability
αLβ2 I domain47, 81	Aga2p	C-term	Understanding structure/function relationship, increased binding affinity for ICAM-1
Human cDNA library63, 64	Aga2p	N-term	Identification of human proteins that are tumor related/bind to phosphorylated peptides
Metal chelating peptides76	α-agglutinin (C-terminal half)	C-term	Capture copper ions on yeast surface

^*N-term and C-term corresponds to the constructs shown in Figure 1 A and 1 B, respectively