Fig. 6.

Inhibition of de novo synthesis of ceramide augments IL-8 production. A549 cells were pretreated with fumonisine B1 (35 μM for 24 h) followed by TNFα stimulation (2 ng/ml for 6 h). Ceramide levels decreased following fumonisine B1 pretreatment (A) while IL-8 ELISA performed on the cell culture media indicated an augmented production of IL-8 (B). Data are shown as means ± SE. ***P < 0.001 significance compared with control cells; **P < 0.01 significance compared with TNFα treatment alone.