Detection of ERM proteins in cell fractions activating dephosphorylated NS1 for viral DNA amplification. (Top) Purification scheme used to identify PKCλ/PKCη as NS1-activating protein kinases to drive viral DNA amplification (18, 26). The presence of PKCλ and PKCη in low-affinity (HA-1) and high-affinity (HA-2) fractions from HA chromatography, respectively, is indicated. (Bottom) Analysis of HA-2 fractions by Coomassie blue staining (Prot) and Western blot detection of Ez, Rdx, and Moe. Activation of dephosphorylated NS1 (NS1O) in the presence of recombinant PKCλ was achieved to a significant extent using HA-2 fractions C (+++) and D (++), while only minor (+) or no (0) replication activity (Rep) was measured with fractions B and A, respectively. nd, not determined.