FIG. 4.

Effect of rotavirus infection on NF-κB signaling and activation. (A) MA104 cells cotransfected with the NF-κB-Luc and pRL-TK constructs were mock infected or infected with RRV (MOI, 5) or Wa (MOI, 10) for 8 h, followed by incubation for 4 h in the presence or absence of TNF-α. Data show the means ± ranges of firefly luciferase (Luc) activity normalized for Renilla luciferase levels from two independent experiments. (B) MA104 cells were mock infected (M) or infected with RRV (R) or Wa (W) as described for panel A for 4 or 8 h, followed by incubation for 30 min in the presence or absence of TNF-α. Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blotting for levels of activated (serine-phosphorylated) p65 (pp65) and total p65.