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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 May 11.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Intern Med. 2009 May 11;169(9):851–857. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.56

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The solid line represents the incidence rate ratio of heart failure and dashed lines represent 95% confidence intervals. Penalized cubic splines with 3 degrees of freedom were used to flexibly model the shape of the association. Cox proportional hazards models with baseline hazard allowed to vary by age and additionally adjusted for physical activity (linear), energy intake (linear), education (less than high school, high school, university), family history of myocardial infarction at less than 60 years (yes, no), cigarette smoking (current, past, never), living alone (yes, no), postmenopausal hormone use (yes, no), self-reported history of hypertension and high cholesterol, body mass index (linear), and incident myocardial infarction (time varying: no myocardial infarction, myocardial infarction in the previous year, more distant history of myocardial infarction).