Table 3.
Association of DASH scores with incident heart failure
| DASH Scores |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | Pa | ||
| DASH component score | ||||||
| Range | 9-22 | 23-24 | 25-27 | 28-39 | ||
| Cases | 162 | 87 | 105 | 89 | ||
| Person-years | 68,296 | 44,213 | 66,395 | 66,231 | ||
| Model 1 RR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.81 (0.63-1.06) | 0.67 (0.53-0.86) | 0.59 (0.46-0.77) | <0.001 | |
| Model 2 RR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.85 (0.66-1.11) | 0.69 (0.54-0.88) | 0.63 (0.48-0.81) | <0.001 | |
|
Food and nutrient recommendations |
||||||
| Range | 0.5-4.0 | 4.5-4.5 | 5.0-5.5 | 6.0-10.5 | ||
| Cases | 138 | 73 | 126 | 106 | ||
| Person-years | 69,565 | 38,495 | 77,090 | 59,983 | ||
| Model 1 RR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.89 (0.67-1.19) | 0.74 (0.58-0.94) | 0.80 (0.62-1.03) | 0.06 | |
| Model 2 RR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.92 (0.69-1.23) | 0.76 (0.60-0.97) | 0.83 (0.64-1.08) | 0.12 | |
| Food recommendations | ||||||
| Range | 2.0-4.7 | 4.8-5.4 | 5.5-6.1 | 6.2-9.5 | ||
| Cases | 157 | 100 | 105 | 81 | ||
| Person-years | 60,666 | 61,308 | 61,453 | 61,708 | ||
| Model 1 RR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.71 (0.55-0.92) | 0.78 (0.61-1.00) | 0.69 (0.53-0.90) | 0.008 | |
| Model 2 RR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.70 (0.55-0.91) | 0.76 (0.59-0.98) | 0.69 (0.52-0.90) | 0.007 | |
| Nutrient recommendations | ||||||
| Range | 2.3-6.8 | 6.9-7.3 | 7.4-7.7 | 7.8-9.9 | ||
| Cases | 134 | 128 | 106 | 75 | ||
| Person-years | 60,809 | 61,080 | 61,484 | 61,762 | ||
| Model 1 RR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.05 (0.82-1.34) | 0.87 (0.67-1.12) | 0.67 (0.51-0.90) | 0.007 | |
| Model 2 RR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.10 (0.86-1.40) | 0.91 (0.70-1.18) | 0.69 (0.51-0.93) | 0.02 | |
a
P for linear trend
b
Model 1: Cox proportional hazards models with baseline hazard allowed to vary by age.
c
Model 2: Model 1 additionally adjusted for physical activity (linear), energy intake (linear), education (less than high school, high school, university), family history of myocardial infarction at less than 60 years (yes, no), cigarette smoking (current, past, never), living alone (yes, no), postmenopausal hormone use (yes, no), self-reported history of hypertension and high cholesterol, body mass index (linear), and incident myocardial infarction (time varying: no myocardial infarction, myocardial infarction in the previous year, more distant history of myocardial infarction).