Table 1.
Review of studies
| Method | Recurrence rate (%) | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|
| Aspiration | ||
| 1. Nield and Evans | 59 | 1 year |
| 2. Varley | 67 (no improvement with multiple aspirations) | 4 months |
| 3. Zubowicz | 15 (multiple aspirations) | 1 year |
| 4. Stephen et al. | 69 | |
| 5. Dias and Buch | 47 | 2 and 5 years |
| 6. Westbrook | 49 | 6 weeks |
| Average 51 | ||
| Aspiration and steroid | ||
| 1. Derbyshire | 14 | 2 months–5 years |
| 2. Paul and Sochart | 51 | |
| 3. Wright et al. | 83 (even with repeat aspirations) | |
| 4. Breidahl and Adler | 60 | |
| Average 52 | ||
| Aspiration with hyaluronidase | ||
| 1. Otu | 5 | 6 months |
| 2. Paul and Sochart | 51 | 2 years |
| 3. Nelson | 43 | 1–8 years |
| 4. Jagert | 77 | 1 year |
| Average 44 | ||
| Aspiration and sclerosant | ||
| 1. McEvedy | 18 | 13 years |
| 2. Mackie | 93 | 3 months |
| Average 55 | ||
| Aspiration with splinting | ||
| 1. Korman et al. | 48 (same as nonimmobilized) | 1 year |
| 2. Richman et al. | 60 (better than nonimmobilized control) | 22 months |
| Average 54 | ||
| Aspiration with multiple puncture | ||
| 1. Stephen et al. | 78 | |
| 2. Richman et al. | 64 | 22 months |
| 3. Korman et al. | 49 | 12 months |
| Average 64 | ||