Table 1. Baseline characteristics by country and history of diabetes.
| Country* | Diabetic Status** | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | United States n=3000 |
Brazil n= 612 |
Canada n= 498 |
Diabetic n= 1597 |
Non-Diabetic n=2513 |
Overall n=4110 |
| Age | 52 ± 9.4 | 49 ± 8.5 | 53 ± 10.2 | 53 ± 9.3 | 51 ± 9.5 | 52 ± 9.4 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Women | 1145 (38.2 %) | 214 (35.0 %) | 169 (33.9 %) | 579 (36.3 %) | 949 (37.8 %) | 1528 (37.2 %) |
| Men | 1855 (61.8 %) | 398 (65.0 %) | 329 (66.1 %) | 1018 (63.7 %) | 1564 (62.2 %) | 2582 (62.8 %) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic | 101 (3.4 %) | 612 (100.0 %) | 4 (0.8 %) | 211 (13.2 %) | 506 (20.1 %) | 717 (17.4 %) |
| Non Hispanic | 2879 (96.0 %) | 492 (98.8 %) | 1373 (86.0 %) | 1998 (79.5 %) | 3371 (82.0 %) | |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 2216 (73.9 %) | 431 (70.4 %) | 428 (85.9 %) | 1153 (72.2 %) | 1922 (76.5 %) | 3075 (74.8 %) |
| African American | 577 (19.2 %) | 129 (21.1 %) | 19 (3.8 %) | 326 (20.4 %) | 399 (15.9 %) | 725 (17.6 %) |
| Other or Mixed | 129 (4.3 %) | 52 (8.5 %) | 40 (8.0 %) | 82 (5.1 %) | 139 (5.5 %) | 221 (5.4 %) |
| Graft Source | ||||||
| Living | 1139 (38.0 %) | 379 (61.9 %) | 187 (37.6 %) | 554 (34.7 %) | 1151 (45.8 %) | 1705 (41.5 %) |
| Cadaver | 1842 (61.4 %) | 233 (38.1 %) | 296 (59.4 %) | 1026 (64.2 %) | 1345 (53.5 %) | 2371 (57.7 %) |
| Years Since Transplant | 5 ± 4.9 | 5 ± 3.9 | 7 ± 6.5 | 5 ± 4.6 | 6 ± 5.3 | 5 ± 5.0 |
| Weight (kg) | 88 ± 20.5 | 73 ± 13.8 | 82 ± 18.3 | 87 ± 20.6 | 83 ± 19.6 | 85 ± 20.1 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 30 ± 6.5 | 27 ± 4.5 | 28 ± 5.9 | 30 ± 6.6 | 29 ± 5.9 | 29 ± 6.2 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 135 ± 18.9 | 145 ± 22.9 | 133 ± 16.8 | 138 ± 20.4 | 135 ± 19.3 | 136 ± 19.7 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 76 ± 10.6 | 91 ± 13.4 | 78 ± 9.4 | 76 ± 11.5 | 80 ± 12.3 | 78 ± 12.2 |
| Medical History | ||||||
| Previous MI/CHD*** | 454 (15.1 %) | 46 (7.5 %) | 50 (10.0 %) | 320 (20.0 %) | 230 (9.2 %) | 550 (13.4 %) |
| Previous Stroke/CBVD*** | 213 (7.1 %) | 45 (7.4 %) | 12 (2.4 %) | 155 (9.7 %) | 115 (4.6 %) | 270 (6.6 %) |
| Previous Abdominal/LEAD*** | 143 (4.8 %) | 8 (1.3 %) | 9 (1.8 %) | 116 (7.3 %) | 44 (1.8 %) | 160 (3.9 %) |
| Previous CVD (any of above) | 646 (21.5 %) | 92 (15.0 %) | 65 (13.1 %) | 469 (29.4 %) | 334 (13.3 %) | 803 (19.5 %) |
| Previous Renal Arterial Revascularization | 28 (0.9 %) | 32 (5.2 %) | 7 (1.4 %) | 33 (2.1 %) | 34 (1.4 %) | 67 (1.6 %) |
| Immunosuppression Therapy | ||||||
| Cyclosporine A | 1492 (49.7 %) | 309 (50.5 %) | 294 (59.0 %) | 771 (48.3 %) | 1324 (52.7 %) | 2095 (51.0 %) |
| Tacrolimus | 1182 (39.4 %) | 221 (36.1 %) | 149 (29.9 %) | 681 (42.6 %) | 871 (34.7 %) | 1552 (37.8 %) |
| Sirolimus | 281 (9.4 %) | 42 (6.9 %) | 23 (4.6 %) | 137 (8.6 %) | 209 (8.3 %) | 346 (8.4 %) |
| Mycophenolate Mofetil | 2075 (69.2 %) | 302 (49.3 %) | 298 (59.8 %) | 1068 (66.9 %) | 1607 (63.9 %) | 2675 (65.1 %) |
| Azathioprine | 428 (14.3 %) | 269 (44.0 %) | 43 (8.6 %) | 240 (15.0 %) | 500 (19.9 %) | 740 (18.0 %) |
| Prednisone | 2705 (90.2 %) | 587 (95.9 %) | 442 (88.8 %) | 1434 (89.8 %) | 2300 (91.5 %) | 3734 (90.9 %) |
| History of Diabetes | 1282 (42.7 %) | 165 (27.0 %) | 150 (30.1 %) | 1597 (38.9 %) | ||
| Laboratory Characteristics | ||||||
| Screening Fast ≥ 8 Hours | 1039 (34.6 %) | 599 (97.9 %) | 102 (20.5 %) | 613 (38.4 %) | 1127 (44.8 %) | 1740 (42.3 %) |
| Screening tHcy (μmol/L) | 17.0 ± 6.3 | 17.1 ± 7.1 | 17.4 ± 4.8 | 17.0 ± 6.3 | 17.1 ± 6.3 | 17.1 ± 6.3 |
| Screening CCr (mL/min) | 68.1 ± 24.0 | 59.7 ± 18.6 | 64.0 ± 22.0 | 68.2 ± 24.1 | 65.2 ± 22.6 | 66.4 ± 23.2 |
| Screening Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 |
| Baseline Fast ≥ 8 Hour | 914 (30.5 %) | 577 (94.3 %) | 97 (19.5 %) | 552 (34.6 %) | 1036 (41.2 %) | 1588 (38.6 %) |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 184 ± 43.5 | 192 ± 48.4 | 178 ± 39.4 | 177 ± 42.3 | 189 ± 44.3 | 185 ± 43.9 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 47 ± 14.2 | 44 ± 12.4 | 47 ± 14.2 | 46 ± 14.2 | 46 ± 13.7 | 46 ± 13.9 |
| Calculated or Direct LDL (mg/dL) | 100 ± 33.9 | 111 ± 39.1 | 94 ± 28.3 | 94 ± 32.2 | 105 ± 35.2 | 101 ± 34.4 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 203 ± 200.9 | 186 ± 114.6 | 193 ± 131.4 | 199 ± 243.1 | 199 ± 130.4 | 199 ± 182.4 |
*
Distributions between countries were statistically significant at the p<0.05 level for all variables except sex, screening tHcy and triglycerides.
**
Distributions between diabetic status were statistically significant at the p<0.05 level for all variables except sex, previous renal arterial revascularization, screening tHcy, screening creatinine, HDL and triglycerides.
***
CHD=Coronary Heart Disease, CBVD=Cerebrovascular Disease, AAA=Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, TAA=Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm, LEAD=Lower Extremity Arterial Disease