Table 2. Body composition, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, virology/immunology and lopinavir levels.
| ZDV/3TC/LPV/r | NVP/LPV/r | |||||||
| Mo 0 | Mo 3 | Mo 12 | Mo 24 | Mo 0 | Mo 3 | Mo 12 | Mo 24 | |
| CT/Dexa | ||||||||
| Total arm fat (gram)† | 1756±82 | 1909±88* | 1715±85 | 1680±88* $ | 1756±74 | 1590±77 | 1811±77 | 1918±79$ |
| Total leg fat (gram)† | 4590±160 | 4750±172 | 4769±165 | 4295±172* $ | 4588±144 | 4677±149 | 5203±149 | 5275±155# $ |
| Trunk fat (gram) | 7522±255 | 7527±274 | 8237±267 | 8271±274# $ | 7492±229 | 6988±238 | 8245±238 | 8438±247# $ |
| Total fat (gram)† | 13877±425 | 14194±456 | 14751±446 | 14254±457* | 13847±381 | 13265±396 | 15269±396 | 15643±412# $ |
| Lean body mass (gram) | 53369±421 | 53179±440 | 53842±424 | 53897±430 | 53404±431 | 54431±453 | 54285±453 | 53943±465 |
| TAT (cm2) | 218.7±9.8 | 208.6±10.8 | 230.2±11.0 | 244.7±10.8# $ | 218.6±9.2 | 206.3±9.5 | 240.3±9.5 | 252.4±9.9# $ |
| Anthropometry | ||||||||
| Weight (kg) | 74.6±0.7 | 74.7±0.7 | 75.9±0.7 | 75.6±0.7 | 74.6±0.6 | 74.9±0.6 | 76.9±0.6 | 77.2±0.7# $ |
| Skinfold subscapular (mm) | 20.2±1.1 | 21.6±1.2 | 21.0±1.2 | 20.3±1.2 | 20.2±1.0 | 20.9±1.1 | 22.7±1.1 | 20.8±1.1 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 87.7±0.7 | 88.0±0.7 | 89.6±0.7 | 89.6±0.7# | 87.7±0.6 | 88.0±0.6 | 90.4±0.6 | 90.2±0.7# $ |
| Hip circumference (cm)† | 95.9±0.5 | 95.7±0.5 | 96.5±0.5* | 96.1±0.5* | 95.9±0.5 | 96.2±0.5 | 98.0±0.5 | 97.8±0.5# $ |
| Arm circumference (cm) | 29.1±0.3 | 29.1±0.3 | 29.5±0.3 | 29.3±0.3 | 29.0±0.3 | 29.2±0.3 | 30.0±0.3 | 30.0±0.3# |
| BIA fat percentage (%) | 18.6±0.6 | 18.4±0.6 | 18.4±0.6 | 18.1±0.6 | 18.6±0.5 | 18.2±0.6 | 19.7±0.6 | 19.7±0.6$ |
| Lipid profile (fasting) | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l)† | 4.4±0.2 | 5.3±0.2* | 5.4±0.2 | 5.3±0.2* # | 4.5±0.2 | 5.8±0.2 | 5.9±0.2 | 6.1±0.2# |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.1±0.05 | 1.2±0.05 | 1.4±0.05 | 1.4±0.05# $ | 1.1±0.05 | 1.4±0.05 | 1.4±0.05 | 1.4±0.05# |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.7±0.1 | 2.9±0.1 | 2.8±0.1 | 2.8±0.1 | 2.7±0.1 | 3.2±0.1 | 3.1±0.1 | 3.6±0.1# $ |
| Total/HDL cholesterol | 4.3±0.2 | 4.5±0.2 | 4.3±0.2 | 4.2±0.2 | 4.3±0.2 | 4.5±0.2 | 4.7±0.2 | 4.4±0.2 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.4±0.3 | 2.8±0.4 | 3.2±0.4 | 2.8±0.4# | 1.4±0.3 | 2.7±0.3 | 3.2±0.3 | 2.4±0.3# |
| Apolipoprotein A (g/l) | 1.0±0.04 | 1.2±0.04 | 1.2±0.04 | 1.4±0.05# $ | 1.1±0.04 | 1.2±0.04 | 1.3±0.04 | 1.4±0.04# $ |
| Apolipoprotein B (g/l) | 0.9±0.04 | 1.0±0.05 | 1.0±0.05* | 1.1±0.05# | 0.9±0.04 | 1.1±0.05 | 1.2±0.04 | 1.2±0.05# |
| Insulin sensitivity (fasting) | ||||||||
| Glucose | 5.1±0.1 | 4.9±0.1 | 5.0±0.1 | 4.9±0.1 | 5.0±0.1 | 5.0±0.1 | 5.1±0.1 | 5.1±0.1 |
| Insulin | 57±6.8 | 52±7.3 | 60±7.4 | 54±7.5 | 61±6.3 | 45±7.0 | 51±6.8 | 71±7.0 |
| HOMA | 1.9±0.2 | 1.6±0.2 | 1.8±0.2 | 1.7±0.2 | 1.9±0.2 | 1.5±0.2 | 1.7±0.2 | 2.3±0.2 |
| Virology/immunology | ||||||||
| CD4 cell count (×106/l) | 220 (170–264) | 344 (250–440) | 428 (360–557) | 502 (385–685) | 200 (120–360) | 315 (210–520) | 370 (284–606) | 485 (340–625) |
| HIV-RNA (log 10 copies/ml) | 5.1 (5.0–5.3) | 2.1 (1.7–2.5) | 1.7 (1.7–1.7) | 1.7 (1.7–1.7) | 4.9 (4.6–5.3) | 1.7 (1.7–2.3) | 1.7 (1.7–1.7) | 1.7 (1.7–1.7) |
| Lopinavir levels | ||||||||
| Lopinavir concentration (mg/l) | 5.2 (3.1–6.9) | 5.2 (3.7–6.6) | 5.5 (3.8–6.9) | 6.1 (3.7–6.9) | 6.3 (5.3–6.9) | 8.0 (4.0–9.3) | ||
| Lopinavir concentration ratio | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.4 (1.0–1.6) | 1.6 (1.1–2.1) | ||
Shown are estimated means±standard error of the mean (for variables included in the longitudinal analysis) or median (interquartile range) (for other variables).
ZDV/3TC/LPV/r zidovudine/lamivudine/lopinavir/ritonavir.
NVP/LPV/r nevirapine/lopinavir/ritonavir.
VAT visceral adipose tissue. SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue. TAT total adipose tissue. BIA body impedance analysis. HDL high density lipoprotein. LDL low density lipoprotein. HOMA homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
*
p<0.05 between groups at each timepoint.
†
p<0.05 overall comparison between groups over time.
#
p<0.05 within group 0–24 months.
$
p<0.05 within group 3–24 months.