TABLE 3.
Responses of relatives and of RESP and NRES of ATP synthesis to exercise training
| Before exercise | After exercise | |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose (mmol/l) | ||
| Control subjects | 4.9 ± 0.3 (4.7–5.1) | 4.9 ± 0.3 (4.7–5.1) |
| Relatives | 5.0 ± 0.4 (4.8–5.1) | 5.0 ± 0.4 (4.8–5.1) |
| RESP | 5.0 ± 0.4 (4.8–5.3) | 5.0 ± 0.4 (4.7–5.3) |
| NRES | 4.9 ± 0.4 (4.7–5.2) | 5.0 ± 0.5 (4.7–5.2) |
| Lactate (mmol/l) | ||
| Control subjects | 1.1 ± 0.3 (0.9–1.3) | 1.0 ± 0.2 (0.8–1.1)* |
| Relatives | 1.5 ± 0.5 (1.3–1.7)** | 1.3 ± 0.5 (1.0–1.5)* |
| RESP | 1.3 ± 0.5 (1.0–1.7) | 1.2 ± 0.3 (0.9–1.4) |
| NRES | 1.6 ± 0.4 (1.3–1.8) | 1.3 ± 0.6 (1.0–1.6) |
| FFAs (μmol/l) | ||
| Control subjects | 411 ± 190 (290–531) | 502 ± 154 (404–600) |
| Relatives | 443 ± 160 (376–511) | 540 ± 204 (450–631)* |
| RESP | 488 ± 195 (348–628) | 510 ± 204 (364–655) |
| NRES | 408 ± 128 (338–486) | 566 ± 209 (434–699)* |
| Insulin (pmol/l) | ||
| Control subjects | 27 ± 8 (22–32) | 23 ± 7 (19–27) |
| Relatives | 41 ± 34 (27–55) | 39 ± 31 (26–52) |
| RESP | 36 ± 22 (21–52) | 36 ± 20 (22–50) |
| NRES | 45 ± 41 (22–69) | 40 ± 37 (19–62) |
| C-peptide (nmol/l) | ||
| Control subjects | 1.6 ± 0.4 (1.3–1.8) | 1.5 ± 0.4 (1.3–1.8) |
| Relatives | 2.3 ± 0.8 (1.9–2.6)** | 2.2 ± 1.0 (1.8–2.6)§ |
| RESP | 2.4 ± 0.8 (1.9–3.0) | 2.3 ± 1.0 (1.6–3.0) |
| NRES | 2.2 ± 0.8 (1.7–2.7) | 2.1 ± 1.0 (1.6–2.7) |
| QUICKI | ||
| Control subjects | 0.51 ± 0.05 (0.48–0.54) | 0.52 ± 0.04 (0.50–0.54) |
| Relatives | 0.47 ± 0.07 (0.45–0.50) | 0.48 ± 0.07 (0.46–0.51) |
| RESP | 0.48 ± 0.06 (0.44–0.52) | 0.48 ± 0.05 (0.44–0.51) |
| NRES | 0.47 ± 0.07 (0.43–0.51) | 0.49 ± 0.08 (0.45–0.53) |
| Insulinogenic index | ||
| Control subjects | 4.3 ± 1.5 (3.3–5.2) | 6.1 ± 4.2 (3.4–8.8) |
| Relatives | 4.8 ± 2.4 (3.8–5.9) | 6.0 ± 4.7 (4.0–8.0) |
| RESP | 4.3 ± 2.7 (2.4–6.2) | 5.0 ± 3.6 (2.4–7.5) |
| NRES | 5.2 ± 2.2 (4.0–6.5) | 6.8 ± 5.4 (3.7–9.9) |
Data are means ± SD (95% CI).
*P< 0.05 before vs. after exercise;
**P< 0.05 control subjects vs. relatives at baseline;
§P< 0.05 control subjects vs. relatives after exercise training. NRES, not responding to exercise with stimulation of fATPase; QUICKI, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index; RESP, responding to exercise with stimulation of fATPase.