TABLE 2.

Fasting lipid concentrations, indexes, and prevalences of lipid abnormalities in men and women exposed to the Dutch famine during gestation with hospital and sibling controls examined between 2003 and 2005¹

	Men			Women
	Hospital controls (n = 136)	Sibling controls (n = 131)	Famine exposed, any period (n = 158)	Hospital controls (n = 158)	Sibling controls (n = 177)	Famine exposed, any period (n = 186)
TC (mmol/L)	5.50 ± 0.932	5.46 ± 0.97	5.38 ± 1.03	5.88 ± 0.95	5.70 ± 1.12	6.08 ± 1.13
Elevated TC ≥ 6.216 mmol/L; 240 mg/dL (%)	24	21	18	34	29	43
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.35 ± 0.37	1.39 ± 0.36	1.40 ± 0.38	1.79 ± 0.50	1.70 ± 0.42	1.72 ± 0.45
Low HDL cholesterol < 1.036 mmol/L; 40 mg/dL (%)3	19	12	13	1	4	2
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.68 ± 0.94	1.63 ± 0.93	1.80 ± 1.69	1.42 ± 0.79	1.32 ± 0.71	1.57 ± 0.84
Elevated triglycerides ≥ 1.69 mmol/L; 150 mg/dL (%)	39	37	35	27	19	34
Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.15 ± 0.96	4.08 ± 0.99	3.98 ± 1.03	4.09 ± 1.01	4.00 ± 1.18	4.36 ± 1.16
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.41 ± 0.86	3.36 ± 0.89	3.21 ± 0.83	3.47 ± 0.89	3.42 ± 1.04	3.65 ± 1.02
Elevated LDL cholesterol ≥ 4.138 mmol/L; 160 mg/dL (%)	20	19	12	22	23	30
TC:HDL cholesterol	4.34 ± 1.28	4.19 ± 1.27	4.15 ± 2.01	3.51 ± 1.04	3.59 ± 1.26	3.75 ± 1.14
LDL:HDL cholesterol	2.71 ± 1.03	2.59 ± 0.99	2.43 ± 0.86	2.12 ± 0.84	2.18 ± 1.01	2.27 ± 0.92
Prevalent dyslipidemia: TC:HDL cholesterol ratio >5.0 or use of cholesterol-lowering medication (%)4	40	33	30	19	18	26

¹TC, total cholesterol. Number of missing observations combining men and women: 1 for HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and TC:HDL cholesterol; 15 for triglycerides; and 26 for LDL cholesterol and LDL:HDL cholesterol.

²Mean ± SD (all such values).

³Overall prevalence in men was 15% and in women 2.5% (odds ratio: 6.9; 95% CI: 3.6, 13.4).

⁴Overall prevalence in men was 34% and in women 21% (odds ratio: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5, 2.7).