TABLE 3.

Association of exposure to the Dutch famine at any period during gestation with fasting lipid concentrations or indexes among men and women examined between 2003 and 2005¹

	Famine-exposed men (n = 158)			Famine-exposed women (n = 186)
	Estimate	95% CI	P	Estimate	95% CI	P
TC (mmol/L)	−0.11	−0.30, 0.09	0.29	0.26	0.07, 0.46	0.007
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.03	−0.05, 0.10	0.45	0.00	−0.08, 0.08	0.99
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.06	−0.16, 0.29	0.57	0.17	0.03, 0.31	0.02
Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	−0.13	−0.33, 0.07	0.19	0.26	0.06, 0.47	0.01
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	−0.18	−0.35, −0.01	0.04	0.17	−0.01, 0.35	0.06
TC:HDL cholesterol	−0.13	−0.42, 0.17	0.40	0.13	−0.09, 0.34	0.24
LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol	−0.21	−0.40, −0.02	0.03	0.07	−0.10, 0.24	0.42

¹TC, total cholesterol. Values represent differences relative to sex-specific unexposed control subjects (294 hospital controls: 158 men and 136 women; 308 sibling controls: 177 men and 131 women) obtained by linear regression with adjustment for age (linear and quadratic terms), cholesterol medication, and clustering within sibships. Tests for heterogeneity by sex as obtained from coefficients from interaction terms in regression models were significant at P < 0.05 for all outcomes, except HDL cholesterol (P = 0.37) and triglycerides (P = 0.18).