TABLE 2.
Body weight changes (kg) over 8 y (1991–1999) according to baseline frequency of nut consumption in 51,188 women
| Frequency of consumption |
|||||
| Never/almost never | 1–3 times/mo | 1 time/wk | ≥2 times/wk | P for trend1 | |
| Total nuts (peanuts + tree nuts) | |||||
| Subjects [n (%)] | 30,102 (58.8) | 9961 (19.5) | 7575 (14.8) | 3550 (6.9) | |
| Median consumption of total nuts (servings/d) | 0 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.28 | |
| Crude body weight change (kg) | 5.59 ± 0.042 | 5.26 ± 0.07 | 5.27 ± 0.08 | 4.91 ± 0.12 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate-adjusted body weight change (kg)3 | 5.55 ± 0.04 | 5.35 ± 0.07 | 5.29 ± 0.08 | 4.98 ± 0.12 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate-adjusted body weight change (kg)4 | 5.55 ± 0.04 | 5.31 ± 0.07 | 5.30 ± 0.08 | 5.04 ± 0.12 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate-adjusted body weight change (kg)5 | 5.53 ± 0.04 | 5.32 ± 0.07 | 5.33 ± 0.08 | 5.15 ± 0.12 | <0.001 |
| Peanuts | |||||
| Subjects [n (%)] | 34,089 (66.6) | 13,266 (25.9) | 3017 (5.9) | 816 (1.6) | |
| Median consumption of peanuts (servings/d) | 0 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.43 | |
| Crude body weight change (kg) | 5.50 ± 0.04 | 5.34 ± 0.06 | 5.16 ± 0.13 | 5.08 ± 0.26 | 0.003 |
| Multivariate-adjusted body weight change (kg)3 | 5.48 ± 0.04 | 5.38 ± 0.06 | 5.20 ± 0.13 | 5.04 ± 0.26 | 0.003 |
| Multivariate-adjusted body weight change (kg)4 | 5.49 ± 0.04 | 5.36 ± 0.06 | 5.20 ± 0.13 | 5.12 ± 0.25 | 0.011 |
| Multivariate-adjusted body weight change (kg)5 | 5.47 ± 0.04 | 5.39 ± 0.06 | 5.26 ± 0.13 | 5.28 ± 0.25 | 0.120 |
| Tree nuts | |||||
| Subjects [n (%)] | 38,297 (74.8) | 10,192 (19.9) | 2014 (3.9) | 685 (1.3) | |
| Median consumption of other nuts (servings/d) | 0 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.43 | |
| Crude body weight change (kg) | 5.56 ± 0.04 | 5.13 ± 0.07 | 5.00 ± 0.16 | 4.17 ± 0.28 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate-adjusted body weight change (kg)3 | 5.53 ± 0.04 | 5.21 ± 0.07 | 5.12 ± 0.16 | 4.33 ± 0.28 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate-adjusted body weight change (kg)4 | 5.52 ± 0.04 | 5.21 ± 0.07 | 5.22 ± 0.16 | 4.51 ± 0.27 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate-adjusted body weight change (kg)5 | 5.50 ± 0.04 | 5.25 ± 0.07 | 5.32 ± 0.16 | 4.65 ± 0.27 | <0.001 |
P values from the models in which nut consumption was modeled as a continuous variable with the use of the median value of each quintile.
Mean ± SE (all such values).
Multivariate model adjusted for age (continuous), baseline alcohol intake (0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–9.9, ≥10 g/d), physical activity (quintiles metabolic equivalent score), smoking (never, past, current, missing), postmenopausal hormone use (no, current or past, missing), oral contraceptive use (no, current, missing), baseline BMI (continuous), glycemic load, and intakes of total fiber, trans fat, fruit, vegetables, red meat, processed meat, refined grain, whole grain, snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages, diet beverages, low-fat dairy products, and high-fat dairy products (continuous) at baseline.
Multivariate model adjusted for multivariate model 2 + changes in confounders between time periods (except BMI).
Multivariate model adjusted for multivariate model 3 + changes in the adherence of prudent and Western dietary patterns.