Table 1.

Effects of group size and origin of birds (habitat) on problem solving in house sparrow groups

Dependent variable	Group size			Habitat
	F1,13	P	η2 (CI)	F1,13	P	η2 (CI)
Group's total no. of opened wells	49.74	<0.001	0.81 (0.46–0.89)	8.96	0.012	0.43 (0.03–0.66)
Group's latency to open the first well	20.88	0.001	0.64 (0.20–0.79)	3.77	0.078	0.24 (0–0.53)
Individuals' latency to first feeding	27.16	0.003	0.69 (0.28–0.82)	4.04	0.070	0.25 (0–0.54)

Results from the final statistical models are shown. Data are reported for the entire 90-min tests of 7 small and 7 large groups. Effect size estimates (η²) are given as the proportion of variance explained by group size or habitat, along with their 95% confidence intervals (CI).