Table 5.
Odds ratios for abnormal glucose tolerance according to dietary factors
| Variable | Age adjusted
|
Age and total calorie adjusted
|
Fully adjusted modela |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Polyunsaturated fat, % | 0.9 | 0.7–1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.0 | 0.8 | 0.7–1.0 |
| Monounsaturated fat, % | 1.1 | 0.9–1.3 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.3 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.5 |
| Saturated fat, % | 1.2 | 1.02–1.4 | 1.2 | 1.02–1.4 | 1.3 | 1.1–1.5 |
| P:S ratio | 0.2 | 0.05–0.77 | 0.2 | 0.04–0.8 | 0.1 | 0.02–0.45 |
| Fiber, g | 0.98 | 0.94–1.03 | 0.95 | 0.9–1.0 | 0.9 | 0.84–0.99 |
| Glycemic load | 1.0 | 0.99–1.01 | 1.0 | .98–1.01 | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 |
| Fruits and vegetables | ||||||
| Less than 4 servings per day | 1.3 | 0.6–3.0 | 1.4 | 0.6–3.2 | 1.5 | 0.6–3.7 |
| 4–6 Servings a day | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent |
| 7 Servings or more per day | 1.5 | 0.6–3.5 | 1.4 | 0.6–3.5 | 1.7 | 0.7–4.5 |
| Energy-dense snack (EDS) foods | ||||||
| Low EDS (<100 calories/day) | 0.5 | 0.2–1.2 | 0.5 | 0.2–1.2 | 0.4 | 0.1–1.0 |
| Average EDS (100–400 calories/day) | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent |
| High EDS (>400 calories/day) | 1.9 | 0.8–4.5 | 2.1 | 0.85–5.0 | 2.3 | 0.9–6.3 |
a
Models are adjusted for total calories, pre-pregnancy BMI, age, history of GDM, family history of diabetes, parity, gestational weight gain up to time of GDM screen, smoking and physical activity