Table 2.
Multivariable associations with measures of health services utilization, satisfaction with care provided in IMPACT, and confidence in IMPACT provider
| Characteristics | Utilization Measures (“Realized access”) | Patient-experience Outcomes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No non-emergent ED visits |
Adequate surveillance PSA testing |
Completely satisfied with health care provided by IMPACT |
Complete confidence in IMPACT health care providers |
|
| PRIMARY COVARIATE | ||||
|
| ||||
| Self-reported race/ethnicity | ||||
|
|
||||
| Non-hispanic, White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| Hispanic | 0.65 (0.19-2.23) | 0.90 (0.36-2.27) | 5.15 (1.17-22.6) | 0.83 (0.29-2.37) |
|
| ||||
| African-American | 0.43 (0.16-1.13) | 0.74 (0.28-2.01) | 1.54 (0.51-4.62) | 0.85 (0.34-2.14) |
|
| ||||
| Other | 1.03 (0.23-4.62) | 2.24 (0.37-13.72) | 0.60 (0.16-2.22) | 0.61 (0.17-2.13) |
|
| ||||
|
OTHER PREDISPOSING
VARIABLES |
||||
|
| ||||
| Age at enrollment | ||||
|
|
||||
| < 60 years | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|
| ||||
| 60-69 years | 0.51 (0.22-1.20) | 2.23 (0.90-5.55) | 0.85 (0.37-1.98) | 0.75 (0.35-1.60) |
|
| ||||
| 70-79 years | 0.63 (0.26-1.52) | 0.92 (0.42-2.03) | 1.29 (0.52-3.24) | 1.03 (0.47-2.24) |
|
| ||||
| > 80 years | 0.48 (0.14-1.58) | 1.00 (0.32-3.16) | 1.26 (0.35-4.57) | 0.67 (0.23-1.96) |
|
| ||||
|
Alcohol use as reported at
the time of program enrollment |
* | |||
|
|
||||
| 0-1 drink/day | — | 1.00 | — | — |
|
| ||||
| ≥ 2 drinks/day | — | 0.44 (0.22-0.87) | — | — |
|
| ||||
|
Self-reported educational
attainment |
||||
|
|
||||
| Less than high school | — | — | 2.13 (0.88-5.18) | 1.89 (0.89-4.03) |
|
| ||||
| High school graduate | — | — | 1.60 (0.63-4.07) | 1.45 (0.65-3.22) |
|
| ||||
| Some college | — | — | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
|
Self-reported language
preference |
||||
|
|
||||
| English | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| Non-English | 1.61 (0.52-5.00) | — | 0.30 (0.06-1.39) | 1.39 (0.48-4.03) |
|
| ||||
|
Self-reported partnership
status |
* | |||
|
|
||||
| Partnered | — | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| Not partnered | — | 0.49 (0.25-0.97) | 0.88 (0.38-2.06) | 0.66 (0.32-1.36) |
|
| ||||
| Number of dependents | ||||
|
|
||||
| 0 | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| 1 | 1.72 (0.79-3.72) | — | 0.96 (0.41-2.25) | 1.12 (0.55-2.28) |
|
| ||||
| ≥ 2 | 0.66 (0.24-1.78) | — | 1.22 (0.33-4.47) | 2.43 (0.75-7.88) |
|
| ||||
|
Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy — Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp) score at enrollment |
||||
|
|
||||
| Lowest quartile (4-33.8) | — | — | 1.60 (0.69-3.69) | 1.23 (0.60-2.51) |
|
| ||||
| Top three quartiles (34-48) | — | — | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
|
Perceived Efficacy in
Patient-Physician Interactions (PEPPI) scale score at enrollment e |
* | * | ||
|
|
||||
| Lowest tercile (5-20) | — | — | 0.30 (0.13-0.70) | 0.24 (0.12-0.48) |
|
| ||||
| Middle tercile (21-24) | — | — | 0.48 (0.20-1.17) | 0.47 (0.22-0.98) |
|
| ||||
| Highest tercile (25) | — | — | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| ENABLING VARIABLES | ||||
|
| ||||
|
Self-reported personal
monthly income |
||||
|
|
||||
| None | — | 1.00 | — | — |
|
| ||||
| Any | — | 0.54 (0.25-1.15) | — | — |
|
| ||||
|
Travel distance to primary
IMPACT provider (via existing roadways) |
||||
|
|
||||
| ≤ 10 miles | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — |
|
| ||||
| > 10 miles | 0.83 (0.43-1.60) | — | 0.69 (0.35-1.37) | — |
|
| ||||
|
Practice setting of primary
IMPACT provider |
||||
|
|
||||
| Academic or community private practice |
— | 1.00 | — | — |
|
| ||||
| Public (County) hospital | — | 0.56 (0.28-1.12) | — | — |
|
| ||||
| NEED VARIABLES | ||||
|
| ||||
| Evaluated need | ||||
|
| ||||
|
Extent of cancer at
enrollment |
* | |||
|
|
||||
| Localized | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | — |
|
| ||||
| Regional | 1.01 (0.44-2.35) | 0.78 (0.36-1.66) | 1.31 (0.55-3.14) | — |
|
| ||||
| Metastatic or recurrent cancer following primary therapy |
0.47 (0.22-0.98) | 4.20 (1.59-11.1) | 0.46 (0.21-1.02) | — |
|
| ||||
|
Charlson Comorbidity Index
Score |
||||
|
|
||||
| 0-1 | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — |
|
| ||||
| ≥ 2 | 1.78 (0.83-3.82) | — | 0.64 (0.31-1.32) | — |
|
| ||||
| Perceived need | ||||
|
| ||||
| General health status | ||||
|
|
||||
| RAND SF-12 Physical Component Summary score |
1.00 (0.97-1.04) | 1.02 (1.00-1.05) | — | — |
|
| ||||
| RAND SF-12 Mental Component Summary score |
1.03 (0.99-1.07) | — | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | 1.04 (1.00-1.08) |
|
| ||||
|
Cancer-related symptoms
and distress |
* | |||
|
|
||||
| Symptoms and Degrees of Distress in Patients with Cancer Scale (SDSS) |
1.00 (0.95-1.05) | — | 0.94 (0.89-0.99) | 0.97 (0.93-1.02) |
*
p<0.05 for overall variable effect in multivariable models