Table 2.

PGCMS score by demographic factors and comorbid conditions (in controls)

	Condition present	Condition absent
Female gender	10.03 ± 3.08***	10.93 ± 2.59
Education = illiterate	9.36 ± 3.21**	10.52 ± 2.86
Ever cigarette smoker	10.89 ± 2.42**	10.11 ± 3.14
Diabetes	10.04 ± 3.07	10.47 ± 2.89
Hypertension	10.15 ± 3.10*	10.65 ± 2.70
Heart disease	9.81 ± 3.29	10.44 ± 2.87
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	10.01 ± 3.19	10.51 ± 2.84
Arthritis	9.98 ± 2.97****	11.37 ± 2.58
Hip fracture	9.91 ± 3.44	10.43 ± 2.89
Hearing difficulty	10.33 ± 2.89	10.43 ± 2.95
Visual problems	10.27 ± 3.02	10.83 ± 2.49

^*p < 0.10,

^**p < 0.05,

^***p < 0.01,

^****p < 0.001 comparing condition present to condition absent (Mann Whitney test).