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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 May 18.
Published in final edited form as: Front Biosci. 2009 Jan 1;14:1197–1218. doi: 10.2741/3303

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics and stimulation of the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolite and ion transport are represented by thin arrows passing through membrane carriers, metabolic pathways by thick arrows, respiratory chain electron transport by broken arrows, and TCA cycle enzymes by shaded ovals. Mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and efflux mechanisms are displayed in yellow. Enzymes and complexes stimulated by Ca2+ are displayed in green, and the respiratory chain is displayed in blue. The mitochondrial outer membrane has been omitted for clarity. MCU, mitochondrial calcium uniporter; mRrR, mitochondrial ryanodine receptor; RAM, rapid mode; PTP, permeability transition pore; ANT, adenine nucleotide transporter; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; CS, citrate synthase; ACON, aconitase; ICDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; α-KGDH, α-ketogluterate dehydrogenase; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; FUM, fumarase; MDH, malate dehydrogenase; ΔΨm, membrane potential.