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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Genet. 2009 Feb 1;41(3):308–315. doi: 10.1038/ng.300

Figure 3.

Figure 3

PARK9 antagonizes α–syn-mediated dopaminergic neuron degeneration in rat primary midbrain neurons. a) Human PARK9 (ATP13A2) protects rat midbrain primary DA neurons from α–synA53T-induced toxicity. Primary rat embryonic midbrain cultures were either mock infected (control) or infected with lentivirus encoding LacZ, ATP13A2 alone, α–synA53T alone or α–synA53T and ATP13A2. Selective loss of DA neurons was determined immunocytochemically by comparing the percentage of MAP2-positive neurons that also stained positive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). N ≥ 3, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, one way analysis of variance with Newman-Keuls post-test (α–synA53T vs. control is also ###). b) ATP13A2/PARK9 rescues α–synA53T-induced DA neuron loss in rat primary midbrain cultures. Representative micrographs of cells stained for MAP2 (red) and TH (green). Arrows indicate TH+MAP2+ DA neurons. Scale bar = 20 μm.