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. 2009 Mar 6;109(2):193–205. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp050

FIG. 5.

FIG. 5.

Summary of pathways and processes involving genes that exhibited unique PB-elicited expression and/or methylation changes at 2 and/or 4 weeks. PB induced unique hepatic regions of altered DNA methylation (RAMs), including hypomethylations (HypoM), hypermethylations (HyperM), and new methylations (NewM) in tumor-susceptible B6C3F1 mice at 2 (in A) and/or 4 (in B) weeks (Bachman et al., 2006). Genes, identified from unique RAMs (Phillips and Goodman, 2008a), are depicted by an asterisk (*). Regarding analysis of their expression in B6C3F1 mice by qRT-PCR (Supplementary Table S9): genes that exhibited an expression change (induction, ↑ or repression, ↓), are bolded, those that did not are in italics, and those that were not evaluated are in normal font. Bachman et al. (2006) demonstrated unique hypomethylation and upregulation of Ha-ras (∧) in the B6C3F1 mice at 4 weeks. As described in the “Methods,” microarray analysis was employed to identify uniquely active genes in the B6C3F1 mice at 2 and/or 4 weeks. Expression of uniquely active genes was confirmed (bolded), or evaluated and not confirmed (italics) by qRT-PCR (Supplementary Tables S4–S5). Uniquely active genes that were not selected for confirmation are listed in normal font. A plus sign (+) denotes a Dnmt gene whose unique expression change was revealed only by qRT-PCR. A red line underneath a gene indicates that at least one putative CARE was found within 10 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site.