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. 2009 Apr 30;28(11):1624–1636. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2009.117

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Copyright © 2009, European Molecular Biology Organization

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This license does not permit commercial exploitation without specific permission.

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XBP-1 deficiency leads to altered expression of IRF4, Blimp-1, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1P₁). (A) XBP-1^WT/μS−/− and XBP-1^KO/μS−/− B cells were cultured in LPS to induce differentiation for indicated time. Lysates were immunoblotted for IRF4, Blimp-1, Pax5, BCL6, p97 and actin. (B) XBP-1^WT and XBP-1^KO B cells were stimulated by LPS to induce differentiation. Lysates were immunoblotted for AID, S1P₁ and p97. (C) A model that illustrates the inhibitory effect of XBP-1 on IRF4, Blimp-1 and its activating enzyme IRE-1. The red arrows indicate that the function of IRF4 and Blimp-1 to regulate plasma cell differentiation requires XBP-1.